DYNAMICS
Dynamics is the term for how loud or quiet you should play a piece of music. Occasionally these are written in English for example just 'loud' but most often the following symbols are used.
ppp - triple piano - very very quiet
pp - piannissimo - very quiet
p - piano - quiet
mp - mezzo piano - moderately quiet
mf - mezzo forte - moderately loud
f - forte - loud
ff - fortissimo - very loud
fff - triple forte - very very loud
Here is an example of some of these on a simple piece of music
ppp - triple piano - very very quiet
pp - piannissimo - very quiet
p - piano - quiet
mp - mezzo piano - moderately quiet
mf - mezzo forte - moderately loud
f - forte - loud
ff - fortissimo - very loud
fff - triple forte - very very loud
Here is an example of some of these on a simple piece of music
Some other basic terms relating to dynamics are:
Crescendo - get louder shown by a horizontal v shape getting wider to the right as below:
Diminuendo / Decrescendo - get quieter, shown by the same shape in the other direction as below:
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